At a glance

Key facts

The essentials to compare before deciding whether this breed fits your home and routine.

Size
Small
Lifespan
12 to 15 years
Energy
Medium to high
Temperament
Alert, affectionate, independent and quick to chase
Good with children
Often good with children who are calm around a fast small dog
Exercise
About an hour a day plus free running in a secure space
Trainability
Moderate
Grooming
Weekly brushing with light shedding
Estimated monthly cost, GBP
£70 to £130 per month

On the lava slopes of Mount Etna, a rabbit hunter needed a small dog that could work all day in heat over broken rock, find a rabbit by scent, sight or sound and bring it out of a crevice without being told twice. The Cirneco dell’Etna has done that job in Sicily for a very long time, and it has changed remarkably little. The breed resembles a small Pharaoh Hound, standing 42 to 50cm and weighing 8 to 12kg, with large upright ears, a fine tan coat and a narrow, elegant frame.

It arrived in Britain only recently and is listed on the UK Kennel Club’s Imported Breed Register. Numbers here are very small. For the right owner it is a clean, affectionate and intelligent house dog with modest needs, but it remains a primitive hunting hound, and the instincts that make it good at its job are exactly the ones that need managing in a Surrey garden.

Living with the breed

The Cirneco is sociable with its family, gentle and often cuddly, and it seeks warmth with real determination, burrowing under blankets and claiming the sunniest spot on the floor. It is quiet for a hound and barks mainly to alert. Strangers are met with some reserve, not aggression, and early socialisation smooths that. The breed generally lives well with other dogs and with cats it has grown up alongside, but rabbits, guinea pigs and chickens are prey. Children who are calm and respectful are usually well tolerated. A thin coat and little body fat make these dogs miserable in cold, wet weather, and a fleece or coat is standard equipment through the colder half of the year in a temperate climate. They dislike being left alone for long, and being bred to think for themselves, they open cupboards and find food with a skill that surprises owners.

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Daily exercise

An hour a day suits an adult, made up of a walk and a chance to run flat out in a secure place. The breed is fast and agile, and a garden fence of 1.8 metres is a minimum, since a Cirneco clears anything lower and squeezes through gaps that look too small. Off-lead walks in open country are a gamble because a rabbit will be seen or scented before the owner has any idea, and a long line is the usual compromise. Puppies are light and mature quickly by comparison with larger breeds, but still benefit from short outings until around nine months. The breed is hardy in heat, which is unusual, and copes with a British summer far better than most. Agility, lure coursing and scent work are all suited to its build and mind.

Training and mental work

Primitive breeds learn fast and forget just as fast if nothing is in it for them. The Cirneco picks up cues within a few repetitions and then tests whether they still apply, so training needs to be short, rewarding and varied, with food or a chase toy as the payment. Harsh handling produces avoidance rather than compliance. Recall can be built to a reasonable level with a whistle and very good rewards, but it will not hold against a rabbit and should be treated as a safety measure rather than a guarantee. Mental work matters as much as exercise. Puzzle feeders, scatter feeding in the garden and hiding toys around the house occupy a mind bred to solve problems on its own.

Grooming and shedding

The coat is short, fine and close, in shades of tan from pale to deep chestnut, sometimes with white markings. A weekly rub with a soft brush or a rubber mitt is all it needs, and shedding is light throughout the year. Baths are rarely required as the coat carries little smell. The ears stand up and stay clean with a glance now and then. Nails need regular clipping because a light dog on grass does not wear them down, and the thin skin can tear on brambles and needs a check after rough walks. Teeth should be brushed as with any small breed.

Health and costs

The breed is generally healthy and long-lived, with twelve to fifteen years usual, and no health scheme is mandatory for registration. Because UK numbers are so small there is little long-term evidence on inherited problems, and the sensible questions for a breeder are about hip and eye examinations, temperament in the line and how the dogs have aged. A vet experienced with sighthound-type breeds is useful, as thin-skinned, lean dogs can respond differently to anaesthetics. Costs are modest at £70 to £130 a month, with food for a small dog a minor line and insurance the largest. Finding a puppy is the hard part. Litters are few, buyers usually wait, and some dogs are imported from Italy. The breed club is the first contact and the Kennel Club breed page lists it.

Verdict

The Cirneco dell’Etna suits an owner who wants a small, clean, affectionate hound with real athleticism, has a secure garden and enjoys training and dog sports.

It is unsuited to anyone who keeps small pets, wants a dog that can be left all day, or expects off-lead reliability in the countryside. Buyers also need patience, since the wait for a puppy is measured in months.