Also known as: Brussels Griffon.

At a glance

Key facts

The essentials to compare before deciding whether this breed fits your home and routine.

Size
Toy
Lifespan
12 to 15 years
Energy
Low to medium
Temperament
Affectionate, clingy, alert and full of self regard
Good with children
Better suited to calm households than boisterous young children
Exercise
Two or three short walks a day, watched closely in heat
Trainability
Moderate
Grooming
Hand stripping for the rough coat, or a wipe over for smooth
Estimated monthly cost, GBP
£80 to £140 per month

Brussels stable yards produced this breed from a working mix of rough coated ratting terriers, and later crosses with the Affenpinscher and King Charles Spaniel type gave the face its flattened, remarkably human expression. The result is a dog whose muzzle looks almost quizzical at rest, framed by a beard and prominent dark eyes that give the breed its most recognisable feature and, for many owners, its whole appeal.

Two coat types appear within the same breed standard, a harsh, wiry rough coat that needs proper hand stripping, and a short, smooth coat that asks for almost nothing beyond a weekly wipe. Both varieties share the same compact body, the same flattened face and the same intensely attached temperament, a dog that tends to choose its person early and stay fixed on them for life.

Living with the breed

Living with a Griffon Bruxellois means accepting that it will follow its chosen person from room to room and often object, vocally, to being shut out of whichever one they are in. The attachment runs deep enough that the breed is genuinely prone to separation related distress, and building tolerance to time alone from puppyhood is worth taking seriously. The flattened face places the Griffon among the brachycephalic breeds the Kennel Club’s Breed Watch scheme highlights for monitoring, and owners should watch for noisy breathing, poor heat tolerance and laboured recovery after exercise, all of which warrant a veterinary opinion rather than being written off as normal snoring. Warm weather needs real caution, with walks moved to cooler parts of the day and strenuous activity avoided when temperatures rise. Calm, considerate households suit the breed better than ones with very young or boisterous children, since a startled or roughly handled Griffon can react defensively, and the breed’s dignity is not entirely a joke.

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Daily exercise

Two or three short walks a day, adding up to well under half an hour of actual walking, meet the breed’s physical needs comfortably. Exercise should be judged by how the dog is coping rather than by a fixed target, watching for heavy panting, tiring quickly or reluctance to continue, any of which are reasons to stop and rest. Hot weather rules out exercise altogether during the warmest hours, since brachycephalic dogs overheat far more readily than a dog with a normal muzzle length. Indoor games, gentle tug, hide and seek with treats and short training sessions fill out the rest of the breed’s activity needs without placing demands on its breathing.

Training and mental work

Training rewards a gentle, encouraging approach far more than any firm correction, since the breed can be sensitive and prone to sulking if handling feels harsh. Food rewards and short, cheerful sessions get the best results, and most Griffons are willing enough once they trust that training is a game rather than a test. A degree of self importance is part of the breed’s character, and owners often describe a dog that behaves as though it were considerably larger than it is, which calls for consistent, good humoured boundaries rather than indulgence. Socialisation from puppyhood, introducing calm handling by different people and everyday household noises, helps offset a tendency toward wariness of strangers. Mental stimulation needs are modest, and short puzzle games or scent based activities at home suit the breed’s energy level well.

Grooming and shedding

Grooming depends entirely on which coat a particular Griffon carries. The rough coated variety needs hand stripping two or three times a year to keep the wiry texture correct, along with a weekly comb through the beard and leg furnishings to prevent matting, and a groomer experienced with wire coats manages the job efficiently. The smooth coated variety needs almost nothing beyond an occasional wipe with a damp cloth and a weekly check of the skin folds around the flattened face for soreness or irritation. Both varieties shed lightly. The prominent, slightly protruding eyes typical of the breed benefit from a daily glance for redness, discharge or an obvious scratch, since shallow eye sockets leave the surface more exposed than in dogs with a longer muzzle, and any change should prompt a same day veterinary check rather than a wait and see approach. The compact jaw also makes dental care worth starting early.

Health and costs

A well kept Griffon Bruxellois commonly lives twelve to fifteen years. The flattened face brings the same respiratory concerns seen across brachycephalic breeds, and a respiratory function grading scheme run by the Kennel Club with the University of Cambridge assesses breeding dogs for airway health, so asking whether the parents were graded is a fair question. Patellar luxation is worth discussing with any breeder, as it is across most small breeds. The exposed, prominent eyes are vulnerable to scratches and ulcers, and any sudden squinting, redness or cloudiness needs prompt attention. As with several toy breeds carrying a domed skull, some Griffon litters are delivered by caesarean, and asking a breeder how their bitches have whelped previously is a reasonable line of enquiry. Monthly costs typically run from about £80 to £140, covering food, insurance, veterinary care and coat maintenance, with the higher end more likely for a rough coated dog kept properly stripped.

Verdict

The Griffon Bruxellois suits an owner who is home for a good part of the day, finds the breed’s intense devotion appealing rather than overwhelming, and is prepared to manage both its coat, whichever type, and its breathing sensibly in hot weather.

Households with very young or boisterous children, anyone wanting a dog that copes easily with long hours alone, or an owner unwilling to watch for the signs of breathing difficulty should consider a breed with a longer muzzle instead. Given the attention it needs, the Griffon repays its owner with a famously characterful, deeply attached companion.